The Medieval Wall Paintings of St. Mary Belchamp Walter
One of the most striking features of St. Mary Belchamp Walter are the Medieval murals on the North wall.
The exact dates when these paintings were made is not known exactly, the dates are approximately 1350 (this
being quoted by other websites). This raises the question whether the paintings pre or post date the
Chantry, or even were they contemporary with each other?
The Medieval paintings in St. Mary the Virgin, Belchamp Walter were probably white-washed over by the
Victorians and before. The majority of
the examples on the North Wall are pierced by the 14c. Chantry Chapel opening,
which itself was defaced and removed by the Puritans in the Civil War.
The church and its antiquity have not escaped vandlelism over the centries.
Top
Taken from an information sheet
that was
available in the church are a few notes that I have added on this page and
referenced them to other pages and to research
that I could find. I was unable to find out any additional information on Mrs. Baker of The Pilgrim Trust -
anyone reading this has any information regarding this please let me know and I would gladly add it to this website and credit it to you.
The text in green are quotes from the Church guide. The "
clickable text" was an
experiment tried by the webmaster (martin@tempusfugit.me.uk), and is probably not understood by the visitor.
Description of the murals on the North Wall of the Nave St. Mary the Virgin
Some of the text is "clickable" and will take you to more information.
Some of the photographs were originally found on the Ipernity website taken by Stiffleaf,
who I would like to thank for the fine reproduction. Since starting this project many of the photographs have
been replaced by those taken by the author and anothe local photographer.
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Also on the North Wall can be seen Mural Paintings of unusual interest, particularly that of the Madonna to whom the Church is dedicated.
Prior to 1962 this painting had been partially visible and in 1962, along with other paintings was restored by an expert who was a Mrs Baker;
she was engaged through the auspices of The Pilgrim Trust.
Her initial comments regarding the Madonna are as follows “I discovered a text partially obscuring the painting,
which is of 14th Century date. And I cleaned off the text to reveal an extremely lovely painting finely drawn and over life size
in scale. It is probably an altar painting,
bearing in mind the dedication of the church. I know of no better painting of this subject - it is the most entirely satisfactory
treatment I have ever seen”.
The Virgin is crowned with her long hair flowing over her shoulders, and she is suckling her Child who is supported on her left knee, with tracings of censing angels
on either side and a bird can just be made out on top of the canopy - possible a falcon.
The boldness of the drawing and the treatment of the eyes are typical of the period (XIVth Century).
The long hair is said to have been a sign of virginity but the
crown is unusual, although it has been known as far back as the XIIth Century when a sceptre was sometimes seen - as Queen of Heaven. The figure at the bottom right of
the painting is thought to be the Patron worshipping the Virgin with his beads. The painting is reminiscent of that at
Great Canfield in Essex, which is attributed to Matthew Paris,
and could well be by the same hand.
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The restoration then moved onto the remainder of the North wall where she uncovered two tiers of paintings. These are not by the same painter but nevertheless are
interesting, in the top tier there are six subjects, and in the lower tier four subjects, but one of these is very hard to make out. The paintings are mostly in red
ochre but also some are in yellow. They can be identified as follows;
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Upper Tier: --- Click on list items for more information
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Upper Tier - looking from left to right: 1. Christ entering the Gate of Jerusalem on a donkey which is in yellow ochre.
2. The Gate of Jerusalem. A small head is looking down from the battlements.
Slight traces of a figure can be seen in the archway.
3. Christ kneeling and washing the feet of Peter.
4. The Last Supper. Judas is seen stealing the bag of money and a fish from the table.
5. The Betrayal, Judas, Christ and two Soldiers.
6. Christ before Pontius Pilate. Christ’s hands are bound and He is blindfolded.
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Lower Tier:
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1. The martyrdom of Saint Edmund. He is bound to a tree and being shot by the Danes with bows
and arrows.
2. This is indecipherable.
3. A large “Pelican in Piety” painted in red, pecking at her breasts and so drawing blood to feed her five chicks.
4. This subject is in some doubt, but appears to be a King, Queen and a Courtier bearing a Hawk. Which have been identified as the first part of
“The Three Living and the Three Dead”.
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Note on 4 (above - in relation to the doubt of origin of the Three Kings)
- (The Author has no doubt) - text above is from
the information sheet found in the church.
Since the writing of the information sheet in the Church much more information has come to light regarding this
wall painting. The painting is almost a direct copy of the miniature that is found in the Arundel Psalter, much larger
or course, and is the Three Living from "The Three Living and Three Dead".
The quote below appeared on the Village Hall website in relation to the Church:
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The legend goes back to a time long before the church was built. The form in which the legend was known to the
medieval artists was inspired by four short 13th century poems.
The best known of these,
’Li troi vif et li troi mors’, was written by Baudouin de Conde, minstrel to the court of
Margaret II, countess of Flanders, 1244-80. As the salient features, reproduced again and again in village
churches, are contained in Baudouin’s poem of 160 lines.
The poem describes an encounter of three gay young men, when walking, with three Deaths, whom they see coming
towards them’lait et disfigure de cors’.
The first youth is so horrified that he flees in terror; the second, who is of sterner stuff, hails the apparition
as sent by God; while the third dwells on the
horror of decaying humanity.
The youths speak to the grim visitors and the first Death replies in words which are the keynote of the whole
morality.
‘Tel seres vous et tel comme ore
Estes, fumes, ja fu li ore’.
(What you are, we were, and what we are, you will be.)
The second recalls that Death treats rich and poor alike, while the third emphasises that there is no escape from his dread summons.
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Edmund the Martyr (also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia, died 20 November 869 was king of East Anglia
from about 855 until his death.
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Other wall paintings
Pages on these frescos are also featured on this website
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In 1964 Mrs Baker returned to look at the South Wall but the results were disappointing. The plaster on this wall being in
poor condition, details had become obliterated, but portions of a roundel are seen depicting a figure with arrows and
a woman. This is possibly Saint Sebastian, who was wounded with arrows shot at him, the archers leaving him for dead.
His wounds were healed by Irene, widow of the martyr Saint Castulus.
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On the South side above the door there appears to be three women with Christ -
the Resurrection Scene? Especially as there seems to be a sleeping figure near his right foot.
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To the right of the door is an inscription in Old English, this is of a much later date and quotes from the
Acts of the Apostles (Chapter 20, verse 9):
“And there sat in a window a certain young man named Eutychus, being fallen asleep; and as Paul was long preaching,
he sank down with sleep and, fell down from the third loft, and was taken up dead”, however the narrative goes on to
say he recovered.
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In 1996 the whole of the walls containing the paintings was stabilised and cleaned.
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Wells Cathedral
A reference to Mrs Eve Baker.
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In 1969, when a large chunk of stone fell from a statue near the main door, it became apparent that there was an urgent need for
restoration of the west front.
Detailed studies of the stonework and of conservation practices were undertaken under the
cathedral architect, Alban D. R. Caroe and a restoration committee formed. The methods selected were those devised by
Eve and Robert Baker. W. A. (Bert) Wheeler, clerk of works to the cathedral 1935–1978, had previously experimented with washing
and surface treatment of architectural carvings on the building and his techniques were among those tried on the statues.
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List of murals (Wall Paintings) featured on this website:
The similarity in style to that of Mathew Paris would indicate that the artist(s)
where somewhat comtemporary with
Paris. It is unlikely that they were Paris' work and more likely to be the work of
the monks of Colne Priory
Etymology of the word Mural
Strictly speaking the wall paintings should not be referred to as "murals" as they were painted before the general
usage of the word.
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painting on a wall, by 1915, short for mural painting "a painting executed upon the wall of a building" (1850),
from mural (adj.) "pertaining to a wall or walls" (mid-15c.), from Latin muralis "of a wall," from murus "wall"
(Old Latin moiros, moerus), from PIE *mei- (3) "to fix; to build fences or fortifications" (source also of Old English
mære "boundary, border, landmark;"
Old Norse -mæri "boundary, border-land;" Latin munire "to fortify, protect").
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