Menu BW Wall Paintings
 

Martin's Website

The Medieval Wall Paintings of St. Mary Belchamp Walter

The Medieval wall painting in St Mary the Virgin Belchamp Walter

One of the most striking features of St. Mary Belchamp Walter are the Medieval wall paintings on the North wall.

The Medieval wall painting in St Mary the Virgin Belchamp WalterPhotograph cica 1964 from PCC records taken soon after original reveal.

The exact dates when these paintings were made is not known exactly, the dates are approximately 1330-1350 (these dates being suggested by other experts).

The presence of an elaborate chantry chapel entry arch in the middle of the main group of paintings adds to the mystery of their origin.

Top

This raises the question whether the paintings pre or post date the Chantry, or even were they contemporary with each other? It is the belief of the author that the chantry is dated around 1390 and may have been constructed obliterating other paintings that could have been there previously.

The upper tier of paintings are an obvious Passion scene, the lower are a collection of local legend, religious motif and mythological warnings.

The Medieval paintings in St. Mary the Virgin, Belchamp Walter were probably white-washed over in the Reformation.
The majority of the examples on the North Wall are pierced by the 14c. Chantry Chapel opening, which itself was defaced in the Elizabethan era and further idolatry removed by the Puritans in the Civil War.

The church and its antiquity have not escaped vandalism over the centries. When the Chancel arch was remodeled in 1859 the author thinks that some of the medieval paintings were lost.

Taken from an information sheet that was available in the church are a few notes that I have added on this page and referenced them to other pages and to research that I could find. I was unable to find out any additional information on Mrs. Baker of The Pilgrim Trust - anyone reading this has any information regarding this please let me know and I would gladly add it to this website and credit it to you.

Description of the murals on the North Wall of the Nave St. Mary the Virgin

The following is a quote from the church guide and recalls what Professor Eve Baker said when she was working on the murals:

" Also on the North Wall can be seen Mural Paintings of unusual interest, particularly that of the Madonna to whom the Church is dedicated.
Prior to 1962 this painting had been partially visible and in 1962, along with other paintings was restored by an expert who was a Mrs Baker; she was engaged through the auspices of The Pilgrim Trust.

Her initial comments regarding the Madonna are as follows:
“I discovered a text partially obscuring the painting, which is of 14th Century date. And I cleaned off the text to reveal an extremely lovely painting finely drawn and over life size in scale. It is probably an altar painting, bearing in mind the dedication of the church. I know of no better painting of this subject - it is the most entirely satisfactory treatment I have ever seen”.

The Virgin is crowned with her long hair flowing over her shoulders, and she is suckling her Child who is supported on her left knee, with tracings of censing angels on either side and a bird can just be made out on top of the canopy - possible a falcon.

The boldness of the drawing and the treatment of the eyes are typical of the period (XIVth Century).
The long hair is said to have been a sign of virginity but the crown is unusual, although it has been known as far back as the XIIth Century when a sceptre was sometimes seen - as Queen of Heaven. The figure at the bottom right of the painting is thought to be the Patron worshipping the Virgin with his beads. The painting is reminiscent of that at Great Canfield in Essex, which is attributed to Matthew Paris, and could well be by the same hand.
"

Note: The painting of the Madonna at Great Canfield is wrongly attributed to Mathew Paris as he would have been long dead when the mural was painted. Paris was born around 1200 and died in 1259, the wall painting are 14th century (c. 1330).

Since starting this page it is now more likely that the painting of the Madonna is by the monks of Earls Colne Priory

North Wall above the Chantry arch - The Passion (Upper Tier)

From the information sheet in the church:

" The restoration then moved onto the remainder of the North wall where she uncovered two tiers of paintings. These are not by the same painter but nevertheless are interesting, in the top tier there are six subjects, and in the lower tier four subjects, but one of these is very hard to make out. The paintings are mostly in red ochre but also some are in yellow. They can be identified as follows; "

Upper Tier: --- Click on list items for more information

" Upper Tier - looking from left to right:
1. Christ entering the Gate of Jerusalem on a donkey which is in yellow ochre.

2. The Gate of Jerusalem. A small head is looking down from the battlements. Slight traces of a figure can be seen in the archway.

3. Christ kneeling and washing the feet of Peter.

4. The Last Supper. Judas is seen stealing the bag of money and a fish from the table.

5. The Betrayal, Judas, Christ and two Soldiers.

6. Christ before Pontius Pilate. Christ’s hands are bound and He is blindfolded. "

Lower Tier:

" 1. The martyrdom of Saint Edmund. He is bound to a tree and being shot by the Danes with bows and arrows.

2. This is indecipherable.

3. A large “Pelican in Piety” painted in red, pecking at her breasts and so drawing blood to feed her five chicks.

4. This subject is in some doubt, but appears to be a King, Queen and a Courtier bearing a Hawk. Which have been identified as the first part of “The Three Living and the Three Dead”. "

Note on 4 (above - in relation to the doubt of origin of the Three Kings) - (The Author has no doubt) - text above is from the information sheet found in the church.

Since the writing of the information sheet in the Church much more information has come to light regarding this wall painting. The painting is almost a direct copy of the miniature that is found in the Arundel Psalter, much larger or course, and is the Three Living from "The Three Living and Three Dead".

Another description of the 3 Living and 3 Dead from the Village Hall website

The quote below appeared on the Village Hall website in relation to the Church:

" The legend goes back to a time long before the church was built. The form in which the legend was known to the medieval artists was inspired by four short 13th century poems.
The best known of these, ’Li troi vif et li troi mors’, was written by Baudouin de Conde, minstrel to the court of Margaret II, countess of Flanders, 1244-80. As the salient features, reproduced again and again in village churches, are contained in Baudouin’s poem of 160 lines.
The poem describes an encounter of three gay young men, when walking, with three Deaths, whom they see coming towards them’lait et disfigure de cors’.
The first youth is so horrified that he flees in terror; the second, who is of sterner stuff, hails the apparition as sent by God; while the third dwells on the horror of decaying humanity.
The youths speak to the grim visitors and the first Death replies in words which are the keynote of the whole morality.
‘Tel seres vous et tel comme ore
Estes, fumes, ja fu li ore’.
(What you are, we were, and what we are, you will be.)

The second recalls that Death treats rich and poor alike, while the third emphasises that there is no escape from his dread summons. "

Saint Edmund the Martyr

See my page Saint Edmund the Martyr

from Wikip:

" Edmund the Martyr (also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia, died 20 November 869 was king of East Anglia from about 855 until his death. "

Other wall paintings

Pages on these frescos are also featured on this website

" In 1964 Mrs Baker returned to look at the South Wall but the results were disappointing. The plaster on this wall being in poor condition, details had become obliterated, but portions of a roundel are seen depicting a figure with arrows and a woman. This is possibly Saint Sebastian, who was wounded with arrows shot at him, the archers leaving him for dead. His wounds were healed by Irene, widow of the martyr Saint Castulus. "

" On the South side above the door there appears to be three women with Christ - the Resurrection Scene? Especially as there seems to be a sleeping figure near his right foot. "

" To the right of the door is an inscription in Old English, this is of a much later date and quotes from the Acts of the Apostles (Chapter 20, verse 9): “And there sat in a window a certain young man named Eutychus, being fallen asleep; and as Paul was long preaching, he sank down with sleep and, fell down from the third loft, and was taken up dead”, however the narrative goes on to say he recovered. "

" In 1996 the whole of the walls containing the paintings was stabilised and cleaned. "

Wells Cathedral

A reference to Mrs Eve Baker.

" In 1969, when a large chunk of stone fell from a statue near the main door, it became apparent that there was an urgent need for restoration of the west front. Detailed studies of the stonework and of conservation practices were undertaken under the cathedral architect, Alban D. R. Caroe and a restoration committee formed. The methods selected were those devised by Eve and Robert Baker. W. A. (Bert) Wheeler, clerk of works to the cathedral 1935–1978, had previously experimented with washing and surface treatment of architectural carvings on the building and his techniques were among those tried on the statues. "

The PCC and the covering of the Victorian Wall paintings on the East wall of the Nave

When the medieval wall paintings were discovered in 1963 and then restored in 1964 it was probably decided to cover the Victorian wall paintings that surrounded the Chancel Arch.

The condition of these Victorian paintings and any record of who painted them is not known. They still exist under the white-wash that now covers the arch.

The Chancel arch also featured a decalogue on either side. This decalogue is now in storage in the vestry of the church and requires restoration as it is quite rusty. It is likely that the deterioration in the decalogue contributed to the decision for removal and white-wash.

The decision to remove the decalogue and covering of the Victorian artwork was made by Rev. Trevor Howard and his church wardens Philip Raymond and Ian Smith.

List of murals (Wall Paintings) featured on this website:

The artists and dates of the paintings

Anne Marshall in her "Painted Church" pages draws a similarity in style to that of the painting found at Great Canfield, Essex, that is attributed to Mathew Paris. This would indicate that the artist(s) where somewhat comtemporary with Paris.

It is unlikely that either of the paintings of the Madonna were Paris' work and more likely to be the work of the monks of Colne Priory. The priory was the religious institution who provided the priests for the parish probably under the instruction of Botetourt who held the advowsen for the parish at the time. The priory was founded by the de Vere's at the start of the 13th century and by the time the Nave and Wall paintings were commissioned in the 14th century the jusidiction was more likely to have been de Beauchamp as Roshe de Vere, to who the parish was given as a dowry on her marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, her 2nd marriage was to Payne de Beauchamp of Bedford when Geoffery died in 1144.

It is also worth noting that there is a striking resemblance between the wall paintings and some of the images from the de Lisle Psalter. Robert de Lisle was married to Mageret de Beauchamp in 1301.

Etymology of the word Mural

Strictly speaking the wall paintings should not be referred to as "murals" as they were painted before the general usage of the word.

" painting on a wall, by 1915, short for mural painting "a painting executed upon the wall of a building" (1850), from mural (adj.) "pertaining to a wall or walls" (mid-15c.), from Latin muralis "of a wall," from murus "wall" (Old Latin moiros, moerus), from PIE *mei- (3) "to fix; to build fences or fortifications" (source also of Old English mære "boundary, border, landmark;" Old Norse -mæri "boundary, border-land;" Latin munire "to fortify, protect"). "

Lower tier 2 - indecipherable image

More coming soon - revelations of 2026 cleaning and stabilisation.

The passion cycle - Road to Calvary

The 19th century "renovations" could be responsible for more loss of the Passion painting. The rebuilding of the East wall of the Nave and the new Chancel arch was also combined with the addition of a new buttress on the North East corner of the Nave.

The North Wall could have had other paintings that were destroyed in 1859.

Links

Top

References: - a note on these -

  • 1 - Etymology of the word Mural - https:// www.etymonline.com/word/ mural? ref=etymonline_crossreference
  • 2 - opusconservation - https:// opusconservation.co.uk/
  • 3 - Professor Paul Binski MA, PhD, FBA, FSA - https:// www. hoart.cam.ac.uk /people/ pb214%40cam.ac.uk - 'The Department of History of Art - Cambridge University'
  • 4 - Margaret_III,_Countess_of_Flanders - https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Margaret_III,_Countess_of_Flanders
  • 5 - Baudouin de Condé - https:// fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Baudouin_de_Cond%C3%A9 - Poet and minstrel to Margaret II

Site design by Tempusfugit Web Design -

More